Original von babyd
Äußerlich kann eine solche Umwandlung noch so gut aussehen
innerlich bleibt doch alles beim alten Geschlecht so weit
ist die Medizin dann nun doch nicht

Dass weibliche Gehirnstrukturen vorliegen, ist neurologisch untersucht.

Nachdem ja immer behauptet wird, es gäbe kein Wissen und nur wenige Studien zum Thema:
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* Studien aus der Neurowissenschaft (Gehirn und Transsexualität)

-Swaab D.F., M.A. Hofman 1991 - Sexual Dimorphism of the Human Brain Myth and Reality
-Montano M.M. 1995 - Free Estradiol in Serum and Brain Uptake of Estradiol during Fetal and Neonatal Sexual Differentiation in Female Rats
-Swaab Dick F 1995 - A sex difference in the human brain and its relation to transsexuality
-Swaab D.F., Gooren L.J.G. 1995 - Brain Research, Gender, and Sexual Orientation
-Kimura Doreen 1996 - Sex, sexual orientation and sex hormones influence human cognitive function
-Schwartzkroin Philip A. 1997 - Estradiol Increases the Sensitivity of Hippocampal CA1
-Cooke Bradley M., Breedlove S. Marc 1998 - A brain sexual dimorphism controlled by adult circulating androgens
-McEven Bruce S. 1999 - Permanence of brain sex differences and structural plasticity of the adult brain
-Han Tina M. 1999 - Neurogenesis of Galanin Cells in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis and Centromedial Amygdala in Rats
-Wilson C. J. et al. 2000 - Apoptosis during Sexual Differentiation of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis in the Rat Brain
-Kruijver Frank P.M., Swaab Dick F. 2000 - Male-to-Female Transsexuals Have Female Neuron Numbers in a Limbic Nucleus
-Lonstein, Joseph S. et al 2001 - Parental Responsiveness Is Feminized after Neonatal Castration in Virgin Male Prairie Voles, but Is Not Masculinized by Perinatal Testosterone in Virgin Females
-Wu Frederick C.W., O'Connor Daryl 2001 - Activational effects of testosterone on cognitive function in men
-Arnold Arthur P., Xu Jun 2002 - Sex differences in sex chromosome gene expression in mouse brain
-Wilson C. J. 2002 - Sexual Differentiation of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis in Humans May Extend into Adulthood
-Han Tina M. 2002 - Organizational Effects of Testosterone, Estradiol, and Dihydrotestosterone on Vasopressin mRNA Expression in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
-Pichler Robert 2002 - Is There A Gender Difference Of Somatostatin-Receptor Density In The Human Brain
-Kubo, K et al. 2003 - Low dose effects of bisphenol A on sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior in rats
-Balla Gregory F. 2004 - Hormonal regulation of brain circuits mediating male sexual behavior in birds
-Guillamon Antonio, Garcia-Falguerasa Alicia 2004 - The role of the androgen receptor in CNS masculinization
-Swaab D.F. 2004 - Sexual differentiation of the human brain relevance for gender identity, transsexualism and sexual orientation
-Hulshoff Pol H.E., P_Cohen-Kettenis P.T. 2006 - Changing your sex changes your brain
-Berglund1, H et al. 2007 - Male-to-Female Transsexuals Show Sex-Atypical Hypothalamus Activation When Smelling Odorous Steroids
-Bezdickova Marcela 2007 - Distribution of Nuclear Receptors for Steroid Hormones in the Human Brain A Preliminary Study
-Field Evelyn F., Pellis Sergieo M. 2007 - The Brain as the Engine of Sex Differences in the Organization of Movement in Rats
-Krause Eva Renate 2007 - Geschlechtsspezifische Differenzen der Hirnaktivität in der fMRT bei Normalprobanden im Vergleich mit transsexuellen Probanden
-Swaab Dick F. 2008 - A sex difference in the hypothalamic uncinate nucleus relationship to gender identity
-Westberg Lars, Eriksson Elias 2008 - Sex steroid–related candidate genes in psychiatric disorders
-Vilain Eric, Luders Eileen 2009 - Regional gray matter variation in male-to-female transsexualism

* Studien aus der Genetik (Chromosomen etc.)

-Bianchi M.E., Pontiggia A. 1994 - Sex-reversing mutations affect the architecture of SRY-DNA complexes
-Meyer Jobst 1997 - Mutational analysis of the SOX9 gene in campomelic dysplasia and autosomal sex reversal
-Kruijver Frank P.M., Swaab Dick F 2001 - Sex Differences in Androgen Receptors of the Human Mamillary Bodies
-Bishop Colin E., Qin Yangjun 2003 - A major locus on mouse chromosome 18 controls XX sex reversal in Odd Sex (Ods) mice
-Dietrich Michael R. 2003 - Richard Goldschmidt hopeful monsters and other ‘heresies’ (article)
-Harley Vincent R. 2003 - The Molecular Action and Regulation of the Testis-Determining Factors
-Henningsson Susanne, Landen Mikael 2005 - Sex steroid-related genes and male-to-female transsexualism
-Wegener Bernhard, Knoblauch Hans 2006 - Letter to Monozygotic Twins Concordant for Female-to-Male Transsexualism A Case Report
-Henningsson Susanne 2008 - Influence of Sex Stereoid-Related Genetic Variation On Personality, Autism And Transsexualism
-Harley Vincent R. 2008 - Androgen Receptor Repeat Length Polymorphism Associated with Male-to-Female Transsexualism
-GEO 2009 - Das Mädchen XY (Artikel)
-Harley Vincent 2010 - Gender Genes (Article)

* Studien aus der Endokrinologie (Hormone u.ä.)

-Asscheman, H. Gooren L.J.G. 1989 - Mortality and Morbidity in Transsexual Patients With Cross-Gender Hormone Treatment
-Hampson Elizabeth 1995 - Spatial Cognition in Humans Possible Modulation by Androgens and Estrogens
-Gooren Louis J. G. 1997 - Reversal of the Sex Difference in Serum Leptin Levels upon Cross-Sex Hormone Administration in Transsexuals
-Gooren Louis J. G. 1998 - Effects of Sex Steroids on Plasma Total Homocysteine Levels A Study in Transsexual Males and Females
-Gooren Louis J.G., Christina V. Obiezu 1999 - Dramatic Suppression of Plasma and Urinary Prostate Specific Antigen
-Dörner Günter 2001 - Genetic and Epigenetic Effects on Sexual Brain Organization Mediated by Sex Hormones
-Mormont C., Michel A. 2001 - A psycho-endocrinological overview of transsexualism
-Teixeira J., Donahoe P.K. 2001 - Muellerian Inhibiting Substance An Instructive Developmental Hormone
-Bakker Julie 2002 - Estradiol Is Required during Development in the Female for the Expression of Sociosexual Behaviors in Adulthood
-Hines Melissa 2002 - Testosterone during Pregnancy and Gender Role Behavior of Preschool Children Study
-Dobs Adrian 2003 - Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual People A Review of Treatment Regimens, Outcomes, and Adverse Effects
-Greenman Yona 2004 - The Endocrine Care of Transsexual People
-Opjordsmoen S., Haraldsen Ira R. 2004 - Cross-sex hormone treatment does not change sex-sensitive cognitive performance in gid patients
-Oren Idit, Ben-Tal Nir 2004 - Free Diffusion of Steroid Hormones Across Biomembranes A Simplex Search with Implicit Solvent Model Calculations
-Vanderschueren Dirk 2004 - Androgens and Bone
-Wisniewski Amy B. 2004 - Handedness, Functional Cerebral Hemispheric Lateralization, and Cognition in Male-to-Female Transsexuals Receiving Cross-Sex Hormone Treatment
-Sosa M., Hernandez D. 2004 - Serum lipids and estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms in male-to-female transsexuals
-Byne William 2006 - Developmental Endocrine Influences on Gender Identity Implications for Management of Disorders of Sex Development
-Bisschop Peter H, Gooren Louis J 2006 - The effects of sex-steroid administration on the pituitary–thyroid axis in transsexuals
-Gooren Louis 2006 - The biology of human psychosexual differentiation
-Stalla Günter Karl 2007 - Hormone im Mutterleib beeinflussen Transsexualität
-Salamero Manel, Gomez-Gil Esther 2008 - Androgen treatment effects on memory in female-to-male transsexuals
-Soriguer F. 2008 - Effect of Long-Term Administration of Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy
-Auyeung Bonnie 2009 - Fetal Testosterone Predicts Sexually Differentiated Childhood Behavior in Girls and in Boys
-Bazarra-Castro Maríangeles 2009 - Etiological Aspects, Therapy Regimes, Side Effects and Treatment Satisfaction of Transsexual Patients (Dissertation